Ashley Gearhardt, psychologist, on ultra-processed foods: "They're fighting against industrial products designed to impact the brain like a drug—rapidly, intensely, and repeatedly."

What if ultra-processed foods were more than just tempting? A new study led by University of Michigan psychologist Ashley Gearhardt suggests that these products— like soft drinks, cookies, and snacks —could be clinically addictive . The research, published in Nature Medicine, analyzes nearly 300 studies in 36 countries and concludes that they generate brain responses similar to those of substances like alcohol or cocaine. Intense cravings, loss of control, and persistent use have been detected. For experts, ignoring this evidence poses a serious risk to global public health .

Gearhardt emphasizes that the brain's reaction to these products is not accidental, but a direct consequence of their industrial design. " People aren't becoming addicted to apples ," he points out. " They're fighting industrial products designed to impact the brain like a drug—rapidly, intensely, and repeatedly ." Neuroimaging studies show that those who compulsively consume these foods exhibit brain alterations comparable to those of alcohol or cocaine addictions . Medications that reduce the desire for ultra-processed foods have even been shown to reduce drug use , suggesting shared neurobiological mechanisms .

Congress and the judiciary take action on the matter

Concern has already reached institutions. In the United States, Congress has debated the impact of these products on the rise of chronic childhood diseases . Furthermore, a lawsuit filed in Philadelphia in 2024 accuses eleven major food companies of developing and promoting addictive foods aimed at minors. In response, the FDA and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) have launched a joint initiative inspired by tobacco regulation , aiming to apply addiction science to the current food system .

The authors call for addiction to ultra-processed foods to receive the same clinical recognition as other addictions . They complain that disorders such as caffeine consumption have been accepted into the DSM with less scientific support. They propose funding more research, establishing restrictions on advertising aimed at minors, and developing public awareness campaigns. “ Not all food is addictive ,” Gearhardt insists. “ But many of these products are designed to be . And if we don't recognize that, we will continue to fail those who need it most .”